正如形容詞可以罝於名詞之前(作定語),繫動詞之後(作表語),或名詞之後。而副詞複雜一點,可置於動詞後,動詞前(助動詞後,主要動詞前),或句首。
第一:動詞後。一般副詞其實都是置在動詞後。如果動詞有受詞,則置於受詞之後。例如:
He did the things right.
第二:動詞前,或助動詞後主要動詞前。如果He could right do the things,聽上去很奇怪,改為He could correctly do the things就順耳得多。所以沒有-ly字尾的副詞只會置於動詞或受詞後。
He marked the homework carefully.
He carefully marked the homework.
以上的carefully就可以置於動詞前或動詞後。原來副詞是否既可置於動詞前或動詞/受詞後,視乎它的類別。carefully是屬於方式類,方式類副詞真的置於動詞前或後也一樣。
有些程度範圍類副詞也是置於動詞或受詞後:
I disagree with him completely.
I loved congee greatly.
有些類別的副詞則主要置於動詞之前或句首,例如
1. 頻率類:I often think that he is not nice.
2. 可能性類:Maybe he is gay.
3. 部分程度和範圍類:He almost died from the illness.
4. 強調類:I simply(=completely) don’t agree with him.
5. 焦點類:I told her what she chiefly wanted to know.
第三,句首。這一類最特別,放在句首是因為要強調。例如方式狀語,本身置在動詞或受詞後,若置於句首是因為要強調:
Gently he held my hands.
另外時間及地點常常都會前置:
In 1997 he was born.
In the room there is a scooter.
(留意以上一句只是副詞前置,不是倒裝。倒裝是動詞與主語位置轉換。所以不要與In the room is a scooter混淆。)
沒有留言:
張貼留言